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LastPass / 1Password
Owner: GoTo / AgileBits
Company based in the USA (Cloud Act).
Closed source (proprietary).
Data often used for ad targeting or AI training.
🇪🇺 Sovereign Alternatives
🇫🇷
Dashlane
Leader with French roots. Patented security and a polished interface.
Premium France
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Passbolt
Password manager designed for teams (Luxembourg).
Open Source Team Sovereign if hosted
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Bitwarden
The Open Source reference. Sovereign if self-hosted.
Open Source Security Sovereign if hosted
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Proton Pass
Encrypted manager from the makers of Proton Mail. Email aliases included.
Open Source Security
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KeePassXC
Encrypted local database (Offline). Total sovereignty.
Open Source Local
These solutions are governed by GDPR. By choosing Open Source tools, you also guarantee the ability to host your own data.