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ChatGPT / Gemini / Claude
Owner: OpenAI / Google / Anthropic
Company based in the USA (Cloud Act).
Closed source (proprietary).
Data often used for ad targeting or AI training.
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Mistral AI
France's AI champion. Open and high-performance models (Mistral, Mixtral).
Open Source Leader EU France
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Kalicorp
Sovereign on-premise AI infrastructure deployed in France, with no US dependency. Local API, energy-efficient, SEAL-4.
On-premise AI infra France
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Aleph Alpha
Sovereign German AI for enterprises and public administrations.
Enterprise
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Ollama
Run LLMs locally on your own machine. Total sovereignty.
Open Source Local Sovereign if hosted
These solutions are governed by GDPR. By choosing Open Source tools, you also guarantee the ability to host your own data.